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Class 7 - Tenses

1. What is a Tense? A tense tells us when an action happens. There are 3 times: Present – action happening now or regularly Past – action that happened before Future – action that will happen later Each time has 4 forms: Simple Continuous Perfect Perfect Continuous So, there are 12 tenses. 2. Forms of a Verb We use four common verb forms while learning tenses. Form Name Example:  V1 Base form go V2 Past form went V3 Past participle gone V4 -ing form going Examples eat → ate → eaten → eating write → wrote → written → writing play → played → played → playing take → took → taken → taking Remember: V1 = basic verb V2 = past V3 = used with has/have/had V4 = -ing form 3. PRESENT TENSE A. Simple Present Use: We use it for: habits routines facts general truths Formula: Subject + V1 + Object For he, she, it, we usually add s/es. Examples: I play cricket. They go to school. She plays cricket. He goes to school. Common words: a...

Class 12: Chapter 5: Indigo by Louis Fischer

 Class 12: Chapter 5: Indigo by Louis Fischer Background of the Story “Indigo” is an excerpt from The Life of Mahatma Gandhi by Louis Fischer . The chapter describes Mahatma Gandhi’s struggle for the poor peasants of Champaran, Bihar . The peasants were exploited by British landlords/planters , who forced them to grow indigo. Under the tinkathia system , peasants had to cultivate indigo on 15% of their land and surrender the entire indigo harvest to the landlords. When synthetic indigo reduced the demand for natural indigo, the landlords tried to make the peasants pay compensation for being released from the agreement. Rajkumar Shukla , a poor but determined peasant, persuaded Gandhi to visit Champaran. Gandhi investigated the peasants' problems and refused to leave Champaran despite official orders. His peaceful resistance became a major victory for the peasants and an important example of Satyagraha . The landlords eventually agreed to refund 25% of the ...

Class 12: Chapter- 5: Aunt Jennifer's Tiger by Adrienne Rich

Chapter- 5: Aunt Jennifer's Tiger by Adrienne Rich Word Meanings Prance : walk or move around with high springy steps. Topaz : a bright yellow coloured stone. Denizens : here, an animal that lives or is found in a particular place. Sleek : elegant. Chivalric : being courteous esp. to women, an act of a gentleman. Ordeals: extremely severe tests or experiences. Prancing : to move around proudly. Fluttering : to move in quick, irregular motions as if being agitated Background of the Poem The poem deals with the oppression of women in a male-dominated society . Aunt Jennifer is a married woman who suffers from fear, pressure, and lack of freedom . She expresses her hidden desire for freedom and confidence through the tigers she creates in her embroidery. The poem contrasts Aunt Jennifer’s helpless life with the bold and fearless tigers in her artwork.  Summary  Introduction to Aunt Jennifer Aunt Jennifer is a married woman who appears to be living under pressure ...