While Reading the Text
Category |
Element
|
Description |
Examples |
||||
1. Structure |
|
Sequence
of events: beginning, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. |
In
“Cinderella”: Beginning – Cinderella lives with her stepmother; Climax – She
loses her slipper; Resolution – She marries the prince. |
||||
|
|
In
“The Lion King”: Simba’s birth → Mufasa’s death → Simba’s return → Scar’s
defeat. |
|||||
2. Character |
Characters
(main, major, minor, flat, round) |
Observe
who is who and how they behave.
|
Main:
Harry Potter; Major: Hermione; Minor: Filch; |
||||
(i)
Main Character |
The
central figure (e.g., protagonist). |
|
|||||
(ii)
Major Character |
Important
to the plot, appears frequently. |
|
|||||
(iii)
Minor / Supporting Character |
Less
frequent appearance but supports main plot |
|
|||||
(iv)
Flat Character |
A
character with only one or two traits, and no depth or development. They do
NOT grow or change throughout the story. |
|
|||||
|
(v)
Round Character |
A
complex, fully-developed character with many traits (positive &
negative). They often grow, undergo change, or evolve due to experiences in
the story. |
|
||||
3. Setting
|
Physical
Setting: Time,
Place and cultural Background Characters’ emotions and mental states and mood of the narrative
|
Notice
where and when the story takes place. |
In
“A Christmas Carol”: 19th-century London, during Christmas.
|
||||
4. Narrator
/ Point of View |
First
person, second person, third person limited, third person omniscient |
Identify
who is telling the story |
First-person:
“To Kill a Mockingbird” (Scout narrates); Third-person omniscient: “Pride and
Prejudice”. |
||||
|
(i)
First Person |
Narrator
is a character in the story: "I" or "we" (When the writer
tells the story through a character's eyes using "I" or
"we", the character is the narrator)
|
“I
walked into the room.” “The
Catcher in the Rye” – Holden Caulfield is the narrator. |
||||
|
(ii)
Second Person |
Narrator addresses the reader directly: "You" (rare in fiction) |
“Choose Your Own Adventure” books |
||||
|
(iii)
Third Person Limited |
Narrator
outside the story, knows thoughts of one character. (The writer creates this
narrator but is not the narrator themselves.) |
“He
felt nervous.” The
Lost Child – Mulk Raj Anand |
||||
|
|
A
narrator outside the story who knows everything about all characters. |
“He
was nervous, and she was calm.” “Pride
and Prejudice” by Jane Austen |
||||
5. Language
|
|
|
“Melancholy”
in a poem can mean sadness – guess from lines around it. |
||||
|
|
To
Write stronger literature answers To
Identify themes, tone, or character traits To Support your answer with evidence
|
|
||||
6. Reading
Tools
|
(i)Synopsis |
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
||||
|
(v)Imagery |
Visualize
sensory details in the text.
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
While Analyzing the Text
|
Element |
Description
|
Examples |
|||||||||||
|
(i)Themes |
The
main subjects or topics explored in a story/poem. The big
ideas or topics the story or poem talks about. (there can be multiple
themes). |
Courage, justice,
loneliness in "The Diary of Anne Frank". |
|||||||||||
|
(ii)Central
Idea |
The
one main idea that sums up the whole text. (It combines all the themes into
one unified concept.) |
In
"Animal Farm" – Power corrupts and leads to
dictatorship. |
|||||||||||
|
(iii)Message
|
The
clear lesson or moral given at the end. The explicit, surface-level moral or
lesson conveyed by the work. |
|
|||||||||||
|
(iv)Underlying
Message (implicit) |
A
hidden or symbolic meaning that is not directly said. A hidden or implicit
interpretation that adds depth beyond the obvious message. |
In
"The Great Gatsby" – Money can’t buy
happiness. |
|||||||||||
|
(v)Essence/ Gist |
The
overall feel or impression you get from the story. |
Sad and hopeful in "The
Lost Child". |
|||||||||||
|
(vi)Title
Justification |
|
|
|||||||||||
|
(vii)Summary
and Paraphrase (poetry) |
Summary = short version; Paraphrase = rephrased in your own words. |
Ozymandias – explaining
each stanza in your own words. |
|||||||||||
|
(viii)Writing
Style |
|
Simple
and humorous in Ruskin Bond’s stories. |
|||||||||||
2. Narrative Study |
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
·
Simile: “As brave as a lion.” ·
Metaphor: “Time is a thief.” ·
Personification: “The wind whispered through the
trees.” ·
Hyperbole: “I’ve told you a million times! |
|||||||||||
|
|
Definition: Techniques poets use to enhance the musical
quality, mood, or meaning of a poem. Purpose: To give poetry rhythm, structure, sound, and style. |
Examples: Alliteration: “She sells sea shells…” Rhyme: “Sky” and “high” Meter: A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables (like
iambic pentameter) Enjambment: When a line flows into the next without a pause Used mostly in poetry to create
flow, sound, and emphasis. |
|||||||||||
|
(iii)Literary Devices |
Definition: Broad techniques used in any kind of literature to
convey meaning or enhance writing.
Purpose: To enrich storytelling, build themes, and engage the
reader. Covers both prose and poetry. It’s
the umbrella term under which figurative and poetic devices often fall. |
|
Exam Preparation
Category
|
Element
|
Description
|
Examples |
||||
1.Exam Preparation |
1.Reading
and Summarizing |
|
Paraphrase - own words version of each stanzas or text. (longer version) |
||||
|
2.Story/Poetry/Play
Analysis |
Study all the elements thoroughly: Central idea, themes, messages, character sketch, literary devices, and Question & Answers. |
|
||||
|
3. Character Analysis/
Character Sketch |
|
|
||||
|
4. Value Points |
Key
points to be written for the questions asked |
3 Mark - 3 value points |
||||
|
5. Focus Points |
Critical areas from where questions are likely. (frequently asked questions) |
Board Expected Questions (areas and points from where questions
are expected) |
||||
|
6. Beginning and ending of
literature answers
|
Begin
the answer with writer’s name and work’s name. Then add one line summary followed
by three/six key points. |
|
||||
|
7.Names of Authors and Poets |
|
William Wordsworth –
“The Solitary Reaper” / Jane Austen – Pride and
Prejudice |
||||
|
|
Official textbook-based questions.
|
All
end-of-chapter questions in Beehive and Hornbill |
||||
|
|
HOTS, PYQs, VBQs, BEQs for deeper understanding. (HOTS, Previous Year, Value-Based, Board Expected.)
|
What is materialism in lost child (HOTS) |
||||
|
10.Extrapolatory Questions & Revision
|
Questions requiring comparison,
inference, or expansion. Revise all the topics thoroughly. |
Compare
how two characters handle fear in different stories. |
Comments
Post a Comment