Class 11: Chapter-4: Mother's Day by J.B Priestley

 1. Background of the Play

• Author: J.B. Priestley (1894–1984), an English novelist, playwright, and social commentator.

• Published: First performed in 1950s.

• Genre: One-act play / social satire.

• Context: Written after World War II, when gender roles were changing. Priestley highlights how mothers, often taken for granted, deserve respect and equality in families.

• Purpose: To show that family members must appreciate and share household responsibilities instead of exploiting the mother.

2. Setting

• Place: The living room of the Pearson family’s middle-class home.

• Time: Mid-20th century (post-war period).

• Atmosphere: Domestic and realistic — reflects a typical British household.

 Perspective (Point of View)

• Third-person objective (through stage directions and dialogue).

• The audience observes events unfold without any narrator’s interference.

Central Idea:  The play emphasizes respect, equality, and recognition of a mother’s role. It urges family members to share household responsibilities and treat mothers as individuals with emotions and dignity.

Title Justification: The title “Mother’s Day” is symbolic it marks a “day of awakening” for the mother, Mrs. Pearson. Just as Mother’s Day celebrates mothers’ contributions, the play celebrates Mrs. Pearson’s assertion of her identity and her family’s realization of her worth.

Device	Example / Use
Irony	The family that depends on the mother never values her until she changes.
Humour	The family’s shocked reactions create comic relief.
Dialogue	Reveals character personalities and drives the plot.
Satire	Criticizes gender inequality in a humorous way.
Symbolism	The body-swap represents empowerment and awakening.

Tone and Mood

• Tone: Humorous, satirical, yet instructive.

• Mood: Light-hearted at first, turns thought-provoking and empowering by the end

Themes 

Gender Inequality: The play highlights how women, especially mothers, are often taken for granted in families.

Empowerment of Women: It shows the importance of self-respect and standing up for oneself.

Family Relationships: A healthy family is built on mutual respect and understanding, not servitude.

Transformation and Realization: Change comes when people recognize their mistakes and correct their behavior.

Respect for Motherhood: Mothers deserve appreciation, love, and equal treatment for their constant care.

Self-Assertion: Speaking up against unfair treatment brings dignity and balance in relationships.

Social Satire: The play humorously criticizes traditional domestic roles and outdated gender expectations.

Message

• Mothers should not be treated as servants but as respected members of the family.

• Love must be expressed through respect and help, not exploitation.

• Assertiveness brings balance in relationships.

Short Summary in Points

1. Characters Introduced: Mrs. Annie Pearson (a devoted housewife), George Pearson (her husband), Doris and Cyril (her children), and Mrs. Fitzgerald (a neighbor).

2. Mrs. Pearson’s Problem: Her family takes her for granted. She works hard but gets no appreciation or help.

3. Mrs. Fitzgerald’s Suggestion: Advises Mrs. Pearson to stand up for herself.

4. Body Swap: Mrs. Fitzgerald, who practices magic, swaps personalities with Mrs. Pearson.

5. Mrs. Pearson’s Transformation: Now with Mrs. Fitzgerald’s bold personality, she becomes assertive and refuses to serve tea or do chores for her ungrateful family.

6. Family’s Reaction: George, Doris, and Cyril are shocked at her new attitude.

7. Lesson Learned: They realize their mistake and promise to treat her better.

8. Resolution: The spell is reversed; Mrs. Pearson is herself again, but now the family respects her.

Detailed Summary in Points 

1. Introduction to the Scene:  The play opens in the living room of Mrs. Annie Pearson’s house, an ordinary middle-class British home. Mrs. Pearson is doing household work, looking tired yet busy.

2. Mrs. Pearson’s Personality: She is gentle, kind, and self-sacrificing, but also timid and submissive. She spends all her time serving her husband and children, neglecting her own comfort.

3. Introduction of Mrs. Fitzgerald: Mrs. Fitzgerald, her neighbor, enters. She is an older woman with a strong personality and a bit of mystical knowledge (fortune-telling, magic).

4. Contrast Between the Two Women: Mrs. Fitzgerald is bold, confident, outspoken, and smokes — the complete opposite of Mrs. Pearson’s shy, soft-spoken nature.

5. Mrs. Pearson’s Complaint:  She confides that her husband and children take her for granted — they never thank her, order her about, and expect her to serve them constantly.

6. Mrs. Fitzgerald’s Advice: She urges Mrs. Pearson to assert herself, stop being a servant, and make her family realize her value.

7. Mrs. Pearson’s Fear: Mrs. Pearson says she cannot do it — she’s afraid to hurt her family or cause quarrels.

8. The Magical Plan: Mrs. Fitzgerald offers a “clever little trick” — a personality swap through magic so that Mrs. Fitzgerald’s bold spirit will go into Mrs. Pearson’s body.

9. Body/Personality Exchange: They hold hands and chant softly. When the spell works, Mrs. Fitzgerald’s personality now lives in Mrs. Pearson’s body, and vice versa.

10. Mrs. Fitzgerald’s (in Pearson’s body) New Behavior: Now strong and confident, Mrs. Pearson starts behaving differently — smoking, sitting relaxed, and not rushing to serve tea or food.

11. Doris Enters: Her daughter Doris comes home, expecting her tea and dress ready for her date. She’s shocked to see her mother smoking and not obeying her.

12. Mrs. Pearson’s Sharp Replies:  Mrs. Pearson refuses to iron Doris’s dress and mocks her choice of boyfriend, Charlie Spence, calling him “weak and pompous.”

13. Doris’s Reaction:  Doris bursts into tears, unable to understand why her mother is suddenly so rude.

14. Cyril Enters:  Mrs. Pearson’s son Cyril arrives, asking for his tea. He, too, is surprised to see his mother relaxed and unbothered.

15. Cyril and Doris Discuss: The siblings whisper that something is wrong with their mother — she’s acting strangely and “has gone mad.”

16. Mrs. Pearson’s Outburst: She bluntly tells them she is tired of being treated like a servant and that they must start doing their own work.

17. Mr. George Pearson Arrives:  Mr. Pearson, the father, comes home from the club. He’s pompous and self-satisfied, used to being served.

18. Mrs. Pearson’s Sarcasm: She mocks him for being laughed at by his club friends, who call him “Pompy-Ompy Pearson.”

19. George’s Shock: George feels humiliated and confused. He cannot believe his wife would speak to him this way.

20. The Family’s Confusion: Doris, Cyril, and George discuss what has come over Mrs. Pearson — they are all frightened but also realize they have mistreated her.

21. Mrs. Fitzgerald Returns (in Mrs. Pearson’s body): She comes back to check if the lesson is done. The family is still in shock.

22. Reversal of the Spell: When Mrs. Pearson (really Mrs. Fitzgerald inside) sees that the family has learned their lesson, she agrees to change back.

23. Personality Swap Reversed: They repeat the ritual, and the real Mrs. Pearson regains her body and natural self.

24. Family’s Apology and Change: George, Doris, and Cyril are now respectful and gentle. They promise to help around the house and spend the evening together at home.

25. Mrs. Pearson’s New Confidence: Even though she’s back to her original self, Mrs. Pearson now speaks with quiet confidence — she won’t be taken for granted again.

26. Ending Message: The play ends happily, with the family reformed and Mrs. Pearson empowered, showing that mutual respect is the key to harmony at home.

Insights 

• The play combines humor and social criticism to make a serious point in a light-hearted way.

• Priestley uses a domestic situation to highlight universal truths about respect, gender roles, and family values.

• The magical body swap is symbolic — it shows how confidence and self-respect can transform relationships.

Detailed Summary

Mrs. Annie Pearson, a devoted wife and mother, spends all her time caring for her husband, George, and their children, Doris and Cyril. None of them value her efforts; they order her around and treat her like a servant.

Mrs. Pearson’s neighbor, Mrs. Fitzgerald, a strong and confident woman, notices this and advises Mrs. Pearson to assert herself. When Mrs. Pearson hesitates, Mrs. Fitzgerald uses a bit of magic to swap their personalities.

Now bold and outspoken, Mrs. Pearson (with Mrs. Fitzgerald’s personality) refuses to do household chores for her ungrateful family. She shocks her children by telling them to make their own tea and criticizes George for being dull and ignored outside.

Gradually, the family realizes how selfish they have been. They apologize and promise to help and respect her. After the lesson is learned, Mrs. Fitzgerald reverses the spell. Mrs. Pearson, now herself again, continues the evening confidently this time as an equal member of her family.

Key Words

• Empowerment

• Self-respect

• Gender roles

• Domestic life

• Realization

• Respect

• Transformation

• Equality
  
  
  Flowchart

Mrs. Pearson feels overworked and unappreciated

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Mrs. Fitzgerald (neighbor) visits and notices Mrs. Pearson’s problem

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Mrs. Fitzgerald advises Mrs. Pearson to stand up to her family

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Mrs. Pearson is afraid to confront them directly

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Mrs. Fitzgerald suggests a magical personality exchange

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They exchange personalities using magic

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Mrs. Fitzgerald’s bold personality enters Mrs. Pearson’s body

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New Mrs. Pearson (now confident) refuses to serve her family

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Doris enters → shocked by mother’s rude behavior

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Cyril enters → also surprised and confused

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Mrs. Pearson criticizes both for being lazy and disrespectful

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George Pearson (husband) comes home → gets mocked and humiliated

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Family is stunned by the mother’s assertive behavior

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Mrs. Pearson (in Mrs. Fitzgerald’s body) re-enters

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The family slowly realizes their mistakes

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Mrs. Fitzgerald reverses the magic – personalities return to normal

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Family apologizes and promises to respect and help Mrs. Pearson

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Mrs. Pearson remains confident and balanced

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Family decides to stay home and spend time together

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→ **Lesson Learned:** Respect, equality, and appreciation for mothers

Characters 

1. Mrs. Annie Pearson

• Devoted, loving, middle-aged housewife.

• Works hard for her family but gets no appreciation.

• Timid and submissive at first.

• Becomes confident after personality swap.

• Stands up for her self-respect.

• Symbol of women’s empowerment.

2. Mrs. Fitzgerald

• Elderly, bold, and strong neighbor.

• Knows magic and fortune-telling.

• Advises Mrs. Pearson to assert herself.

• Swaps personalities with Mrs. Pearson.

• Helps bring change in the Pearson family.

• Represents courage and women’s support.

3. Doris Pearson

• Young, fashionable daughter.

• Selfish, lazy, and disrespectful.

• Expects her mother to serve her.

• Shocked by mother’s new behavior.

• Realizes her mistake and apologizes.

• Represents careless youth.

4. Cyril Pearson

• Young son of Mrs. Pearson.

• Lazy and inconsiderate.

• Takes his mother’s work for granted.

• Surprised by her assertiveness.

• Learns to value and respect her.

5. George Pearson

• Middle-aged husband.

• Pompous and self-centered.

• Spends evenings at the club.

• Ignorant of his wife’s feelings.

• Embarrassed when wife mocks him.

• Promises to change and stay home.